1 !#####$ Types of shares. The share capital of companies: a.Nominal or authorized capital-max amount of mony a co is allowed to raise b.Issued capital-already has been raised c.partly paid up capital-kogucap-veel loodetav Types of shares: a.ordinary shares b.preference shares 1.cummulative PS-when 1year not paid then next year. 2.Parcipating PS-voting right 3.Redeemable-ost.varsti tagasi,cap.tostmise voimal. c.Debentures-pole akts.vaid long-term fixd intrest loans. Types of firms Private sector: a.The sole trader. 1.Adv-no formal protcedure,private,indipendent decitions 2.Dis-unlim.liability,no distinction between owner-business(ded), difficult to raise capt techology to expensv b.The Partnership 1.adv-more capt(still limited),exercises shared 2.dis-unlim liabil(Lim PS act 1907 allows for 'sleeping partners' .At least 1 unlim.),actions of 1partn are binding on others-abs.confidence,lim.techique c.Limited co-The Private lim&teh public lim 1.adv-lim.liab,co has it own legal existence 2.contr.ownership,control,decitionmaking,risks(capital losses,revenue losses(gearing ratio-how many pref.share d.co-operatives Public sector 1.Public co-centr.govn a.adv-provide essential sots.needs,efficency and rationalization,to avoid abuse of monopoly power,difficult allocation of costs(hinda igale in.on raske maarata),strategic importance/safety,control over the economy,to reduce inequality,political belief(people belive that is wrong when essentials is owned by private b.dis-lack of the profit,too conservative,too rash(riskib palju),monopoly,bureaucracy(rules) c.contr.-ministerial,parliamentary(annual),the board council(everyday),consumer protection(councils)(Static efficency-costs of prod,dynamic effic-innovation) 2.Municipal undertakings-local covn Privatisation adv-efficency,cons.choice,revenue through sales,increasing share ownership,competition,the problem of natural monopolies Demand-various amounts of a good or service that consumers are willing and can by at various prices in a given period of time-1.income 2.population 3.seasonal factors 4.tastes and fashion 5.change in the price of substitutes 6.change in the price of complements Supply-the various amount of a good or service producers are willing to put on the market at various prices in a given period of time 1.change in the price of a factor of production 2.change in the state of techology 3.govn intervension 4.new firms entering the industry Govn intervension-1.imposition of a tax(ad valorem%,specific) 2.pays subsidy 3.Imposition of a max/min price 4.Implementation of a buffer stock system(max&min) 5.imposition of a quota. 44444444wrmiea,]-Y\UnPoLH wsokgc_ [!W[SkN|I |}w~sokgc^ZVRM:I :;w<sNoOkRf~b^ZUQMI &wFsGoHkKftbu^vZ{UQMI wsnjfb^ZVR!MYI YZw[s^njfb]VYWUXQnM{I {wsnj ea]YUQMI wsokg c ^ Z V R N J w s o k, f- b. ^Z Z[ Vi Rj N J w s o k, f- b. ^Z Z[ Vi Rj N Jyyyy,y\ynyyyyy y[yky|yyy:yMy~y<~yFytyyyyyYyyVy{yyy y y y y:yMy~y< Arialpital-already has been raised c.partly paid up capital-kogucap-veel loodetav Types of shares: a.ordinary shares